一般过去时是英语中最常用的时态之一。我们主要使用这种时态来描述过去发生的已完成的动作。然而,除此之外还有其他用途。让我们探讨一下过去简单时态的正确用法,并看看一些需要避免的常见错误。
什么是一般过去时
一般过去时是英语过去时态的基本形式。我们用它来指代之前完成的动作或事件 – 例如I played tennis yesterday 。公式是:主语+动词,带“ -ed ”。这种时态的一些信号词有:before, ago, yesterday, last year。
我们什么时候使用一般过去时
过去完成的动作
我们可以使用过去简单时态来描述过去发生的动作。他们在过去开始和结束,而不必记住特定的时间。但是,在提供有关动作发生的过去时间的更多详细信息时,仍然可以使用时间表达式。
- Last week, I **played **rugby with some friends. 上周,我和一些朋友打橄榄球。
- I hurt my leg while tackling another player. 我在对付另一名球员时弄伤了腿。
- It **took **me a couple of days to recover! 我花了几天时间才恢复!
过去完成的一系列动作
过去简单时态可以用类似的方式来谈论过去发生的一系列动作。这些将被格式化为一个接一个发生的事情的列表。这在讲故事和口语叙述中很常见。
- Rachel woke up, turned off her alarm, and went back to bed.雷切尔醒了,关掉闹钟,然后回到床上。
- She finally got up, brushed her teeth, and went downstairs. 她终于起身,刷了牙,下了楼。
- She then **had **breakfast, **read **the paper and watched some TV.然后她吃早餐,读报纸,看电视。
过去的习惯
一般过去时的另一个常见用法是描述过去发生的习惯。这也用于讲故事和随意谈论你以前经常做的事情。这些过去的习惯可能是旧的,或者最近才停止的,但现在不会继续了。
- When we were young, my brother and I always fought.小时候,我和哥哥总是吵架。
- We** argued** for hours about all kinds of things! 我们为各种各样的事情争论了好几个小时!
- After leaving home, we stopped fighting and became much closer. 离开家后,我们不再吵架,关系也变得更加亲密。
表达过去的持续时间
过去简单时态可以与时间表达式一起使用来谈论某事持续了多长时间。可以使用的时间表达的一些例子有:for a while、for a week、for a short time。
- It took me ages to drive to the stadium.我花了很长时间才开车到体育场。
- The rugby match lasted 80 minutes. 橄榄球比赛持续了80分钟。
- The first half went on for 40 minutes, plus injury time. 上半场进行了40分钟,加上伤停补时。
过去的事实和概括
一般过去时的一个有趣用法是描述过去的事实。此外,您可以对过去发生的事情进行概括。
- Our planet’s continents and oceans were formed over a very long time.我们星球上的大陆和海洋是在很长一段时间内形成的。
- Dinosaurs **roamed **the Earth during the Jurassic Period. 侏罗纪时期,恐龙在地球上漫步。
- They became extinct around 65 million years ago. 它们在大约 6500 万年前灭绝。
我们如何构成一般过去时态
一般过去时的所有用法都可以有肯定(肯定)、否定和疑问功能。要形成规则动词的过去简单时的肯定形式,请使用动词的词根形式,然后在末尾添加“-ed”。
公式 =主语+带“- ed ”的动词
- Rachel played the guitar.雷切尔 弹吉他。
- Jack walked to school this morning.杰克今天早上步行去学校。
请注意,英语中也有许多不规则动词不遵循此规则!您应该单独学习它们,因为它们不采用“-ed”结尾。一些常见的例子包括:go/went、be/was/were、sit/sat、tell/told、say/said、write/wrote、speak/spoke、make/made。
- John sat on the chair. 约翰坐在椅子上。
- Sarah wrote an email to her friend. 莎拉给她的朋友写了一封电子邮件。
如何将过去简单时态的动词变位为肯定形式:
肯定 | ‘to love’ | ‘to be’ | ‘to speak’ | to make’ |
---|---|---|---|---|
第一人称单数 | I loved | I was | I spoke | I made |
第二人称单数 | You loved | You were | You spoke | You made |
第三人称单数 | He/she/it loved | He/she/it was | He/she/it spoke | He/she/it made |
第一人称复数 | We loved | We were | We spoke | We made |
第二人称复数 | You loved | You were | You spoke | You made |
第三人称复数 | They loved | They were | They spoke | They made |
为了形成否定形式,我们使用助动词“to do”(“did”)的过去形式并将其放在主语之后。然后我们在助动词后面加上“not”,使其变得否定。最后,我们使用动词的词根形式(没有“-ed”结尾!)。
公式 =主语+ did + not +词根 (不带“to”的不定式)
- I did not want to leave the party. 我不想离开聚会。
- I did not order a taxi home. 我没有叫出租车回家。
在形成否定形式时,此规则有一个例外:动词“to be”不需要助动词,因此只需在“was/were”后面添加“not”即可。例如,When I received my test results, I was not happy.
如何将过去简单时态的动词变位为否定形式:
否定 | ‘to love’ | ‘to be’ | ‘to speak’ | to make’ |
---|---|---|---|---|
第一人称单数 | I did not loved | I was not | I did not spoke | I did not made |
第二人称单数 | You did not loved | You were not | You did not spoke | You did not made |
第三人称单数 | He/she/it did not loved | He/she/it was not | He/she/it did not spoke | He/she/it did not made |
第一人称复数 | We did not loved | We were not | We did not spoke | We did not made |
第二人称复数 | You did not loved | You were not | You did not spoke | You did not made |
第三人称复数 | They did not loved | They were not | They did not spoke | They did not made |
要形成疑问句(问题),请将“did”放在主语之前。主语后面是动词的词根形式。不要忘记在最后加上问号(?)!
公式= Did +主语+词根动词
- Did Jack attend the meeting this morning? 杰克今天早上参加会议了吗?
- Did I say that to you? 我对你说过这样的话吗?
要形成否定疑问句,请将“not”放在主语后面。对于缩写形式,将“not”放在“did”之后。请注意,母语人士更喜欢在英语口语和不太正式的写作中使用缩写,因此这些通常听起来更自然。
- Didn’t you buy any food for dinner? 晚餐没买东西吗?
- Did** you not see the fireworks? (more formal) 你没看到烟花吗?(更正式)
与上面的否定一样,当使用“to be”时,我们不需要助动词“did”。要用简单过去时的“to be”构成疑问句,只需将主语与动词翻转即可。例如,You were happy before —> Were you happy before?
如何在疑问句中结合过去简单时态的动词:
疑问 | ‘to love’ | ‘to be’ | ‘to speak’ | to make’ |
---|---|---|---|---|
第一人称单数 | Did I loved | Was I | Did I speak | Did I make |
第二人称单数 | Did you love | Were you | Did you speak | Did you make |
第三人称单数 | Did he/she/it love | Was he/she/it | Did he/she/it speak | Did he/she/it make |
第一人称复数 | Did we love | Were we | Did we speak | Did we make |
第二人称复数 | Did you love | Were you | Did you speak | Did you make |
第三人称复数 | Did they love | Were they | Did they speak | Did they make |
一般过去时的常见错误
使用一般过去时代替现在完成时
对于过去开始且现在仍在进行的事件,学习者有时会尝试使用简单过去时。然而,在这种情况下使用的正确时态是现在完成时。
- I didn’t finish my homework yet. (incorrect)我作业还没做完。(不正确)
- I haven’t finished my homework yet. (correct, present perfect) 我还没有完成作业。(正确,现在完成时)
形成否定或疑问句时忘记助动词
当构成过去简单时态的否定或疑问句时,需要使用助动词“to do”(“to be”除外)。忽略它是一个常见的错误。
- John ___ not go to work this morning. (incorrect) 约翰今天早上没有去上班。(不正确)
- John didn’t go to work this morning. (correct) 约翰今天早上没有去上班。(正确)
不规则动词使用“-ed”结尾
过去简单时态中的许多动词都使用规则的“-ed”结尾,因此很自然地认为所有英语动词都以这种方式表现。但他们没有!确保学习不规则动词的正确形式以避免犯错误。
- I writed my essay last week. (incorrect) 我上周写了论文。(不正确)
- I wrote my essay last week. (correct) 我上周写了论文。(正确)
助动词后使用过去形式而不是词根形式
当助动词用于构成过去简单时的疑问句和否定句时,动词的词根形式随之而来。使用动词的过去形式是错误的。
- Did they left on time? (incorrect) 他们准时出发了吗?(不正确)
- Did they leave on time? (correct) 他们准时出发了吗?(正确)
结语
以上是一般过去时结构和用法的总结,希望大家平时找些测验练习,通过这些互动练习来测试您对过去简单时的理解。